The principle of “an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth” is known in Latin as Lex Talionis or the Law of Retaliation. It dictates that any injury whether it be loss of life, physical harm, or economic damage must be repaid in equal measure. In the contemporary Middle East and across various global conflicts, this logic often fuels a cycle where individuals and nations feel justified in seeking vengeance, leading to a relentless spiral of violence and bloodshed.
The Bible also references this law. Leviticus 24:20 states, “Fracture for fracture, eye for eye, tooth for tooth. The one who has inflicted the injury must suffer the same injury.” However, in Matthew 5:38-39, Jesus presents a seemingly contradictory teaching: You have heard that it was said, Eye for eye, and tooth for tooth. But I tell you, do not resist an evil person. If anyone slaps you on the right cheek, turn to them the other cheek also.”
While these passages may appear to conflict, the tension is resolved when we identify the intended audience. Leviticus 24 addresses the perpetrator, emphasizing strict justice and accountability, whereas Matthew 5 speaks to the victim, calling for a heart of radical forgiveness. Problems arise when we cherry pick these verses to suit our own interests. Yet, by observing the original context, we can discern the true message of peace intended by Scripture.
In any community, if the perpetrator applies the principle of accountability from Leviticus and the victim practices the grace of Matthew, conflict would cease to exist. Although this is incredibly difficult for human nature to embrace, the biblical mandate is clear: we are called not to a logic of retaliation, but to forgive, accept, and embrace others through the love of Christ. Unity is achieved when the offender humbly seeks forgiveness and the offended chooses to let go of resentment.
Jesus, the Creator, exemplified this by embracing those who mocked, scourged, and crucified Him. Instead of seeking retribution, He offered love. The ultimate proof of this grace is that we, who were once destined for judgment due to sin, have now become children of God.
As recipients of God’s mercy, we must now decide to forgive those who have hurt us. Even when forgiveness feels difficult or painful, choosing to forgive through God’s strength releases us from the shackles of bitterness. Simultaneously, the perpetrator must break the cycle of sin by seeking genuine repentance and making amends. Christians are called to transform the world through love. When we become one through mutual forgiveness and acceptance, the world will truly recognize us as disciples of Christ.